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Practical Grammar

The First Year of Studies
II semester

1. Formation and use of Future Simple.
2. Formation and use of Future Progressive.
3. Formation and use of Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive tenses.
4. Uses of Future Simple and Be going to-structure to refer to the future.
5. The use of Present tenses to refer to the future.
6. Conditional sentences (types 1, 2, 3).
7. Zero conditional.
8. Wish and if only clauses.
9. The passive voice: Basic tense forms of the passive.
10. Uses of the passive. The passive with the verbs ‘to say’, ‘to believe’, ‘to suppose’, ‘to consider’ etc. (‘It is said that…’, ‘… is said…’).
11. The passive voice: The use of ‘by’ + agent (=doer) and ‘with’ + instrument after a passive.
12. Form and use of the causative. ‘Get’ in the causative (‘get something done’).
13. Sequence of tenses rule. The notions of anteriority, simultaneity and posteriority of actions.
14. Sequence of tenses rule. Sentences with present and preterit tense forms in the main clause.
15. Sequence of tenses rule. Clauses with absolute time reference.                               (Shifts in the time domain.)
16. Reported speech. The tense change.
17. Reported statements. Reporting verbs.
18. Reported questions.
19. Reported requests, suggestions, offers and orders.
20. The major properties of the adverb.
21. Adjectives and Adverbs ending on – ly.                                                                     (The overlap between the Adjectives and Adverbs.)
22. The order of adverbs in a sentence/ the structure of Adverbial Phrases.

Practical Grammar

The Second Year of Studies

IV semester

1.     The infinitive. Nominal and verbal characteristics.

2.     The infinitive: forms of infinitive, functions in the sentence.

3.     The use of the infinitive without the participle to: bare infinitive and

to-infinitive.

4.     Infinitive constructions as complex objects.

5.     Infinitive constructions as complex subjects.

6.     The for + NP + to-infinitive construction.

7.     Verbs and adjectives controlling infinitive constructions.

8.     The participle: forms and functions in the sentence.

9.      Participial constructions as complex objects.

10.                     Participial constructions as complex subjects.

11.                     Participial constructions as adverbial modifiers.

12.                     Verbless constructions. (Absolute constructions without the participle.)

13.                     Verbs and adjectives controlling ing-clauses.

14.                     Verbal and Nominal characteristics of  English verbals.

15.                     Modal verbs: general characteristics.

16.                     The modal verb can: meaning and use. Can (could)+ perfect infinitive.

17.                      The modal verb may: meaning and use. May (might) + perfect infinitive.

18.                     The modal verb must: meaning and use. Must + perfect infinitive.

19.                     The modal verb should and ought to: meaning and use.

20.                     Should and ought to + perfect infinitive.

21.      Modal expressions to have + perfect infinitive. To be + infinitive in comparison with must.

22.                     The modal verbs shall, will, need, dare.

23.                     The modal verbs must, should, ought to compared.